@wjfyfe makes a valid point about fearing the SS, or any other vehicle, but I don't think that is the issue here.
Question number 1.
What is the hydraulic modulator? Is that the ABS?
There is nothing in the service manual that I can find about HM. But ABS is part of the traction control system.
#2. These sensors use different inputs to control wheel speed and braking to all the wheels...if it senses the vehicle going out of control...
What’s interesting is they consider controlling wheel speed and braking as different things. I don’t think the system can add power to the rear wheel.
#3. So does that mean if you take over and start steering right or left you could be screwing up what the traction control is fighting to fix?
#4. If you apply the brakes could you be screwing up the traction control reactions...
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A1: The hydraulic modulator is a device that does what the name implies, allowing other systems to control brake pressure. It is not the ABS, but a separate device that is used by the ABS, Traction, and Stability systems to interface with the hydraulic brake system.
A2: Well, sensors don't control anything, they just send signals. Those signals are translated into usable data by a processor which uses the data to perform calculations that may trigger a command be sent out to a controller. Yes, the SS has a system that can apply power to the rear wheel and it is commonly referred to as "Cruise Control." When engaged, the system increases or decreases power as needed to maintain a set speed. However, Cruise Control does not usually interface with the brakes, just the accelerator. Therefore, wheel speed and braking are independant systems and utilize different inputs.
A3: You don't really take over or fight against the safety systems because don't really take control of the vehicle. The systems are are only designed to perform a specific function to help you. Once they accomplish their task they check out. Anti-lock brakes keep the wheels from locking for an extended period of time. As long as your foot is on the pedal and you leg is locked in rigid terror, the system checks inertia and wheel speed. If wheel speed is zero and inertia is not, it pulses the hydraulic modulator until either both are zero or the wheel speed is not zero. If both inertia and wheel speed are not zero, then the brakes aren't locked and the ABS does nothing. Traction and stability controls work in a similar fashion. Once traction or stability is regained (the nose is pointed in the same direction the vehicle is moving, all three wheels are on the ground and spinning at the same speed) the system stops assisting. If the vehicle is not moving in the direction you want to go, that's all on you. You still have to do the critical thinking and heavy lifting bits yourself.
A4: No, you are not screwing up the traction control reactions because it reacts faster you. However, if your actions are counterproductive to the goal of the system, it will have to work harder and/or more often. And remember, with enough velocity and raw determination (or willful ignorance), any of these safety systems can be overwhelmed to the point that they are ineffective.
Answer to Initial question about which direction to steer the SS: Assuming you are trying to recover from a skid... If the rear is skidding (oversteer, fishtail) always steer into the skid, get off the brakes, and give it a little gas. If you steer away from the skid you will initiate a full spin (doin' donuts). If the front is skidding (understeer) then ease up on the brakes and get off the gas, straighten the wheel a bit to get the tires rolling and gain some traction then gently (small movements) turn in the direction you want to go. Keep doing this until you are successful, you come to a stop, or something bigger stops you.
In ANY loss-of-control situation, ALWAYS LOOK IN THE DIRECTION YOU WANT TO GO. When driving, the more you visually fixate on something, the more likely your reflexes will react to make it happen. This is a natural phenomenon know as Target Fixation and it takes a conscience effort to avoid it.